NurPhoto via Getty ImagesThe Hungarian parliament has backed a change to the constitution that limits a prime minister’s term in office to eight years, fulfilling a promise by Péter Magyar to prevent Viktor Orbán becoming prime minister again.
Orbán led Hungary uninterrupted for16 years, until Magyar’s Tisza party swept him from power in April’s election, winning a two-thirds majority that gives it the power to amend the constitution.
Under the change, no prime minister since 1990 can serve more than two terms in office, even if they are years apart.
Orbán’s depleted Fidesz party voted against the measure and the former prime minister, who was re-elected as its leader at the weekend, was highly critical of it.
Orbán complained that Tisza had only been in power a month and that it should not be “dreaming of eight years” into the future.
The Tisza government’s so-called super-majority meant the amendment sailed through by 135 votes to 50 and the law now just needs the signature of President Tamás Sulyok to go through.
Orbán’s former political director, Balázs Orbán, accused Magyar of “using political power to exclude a political opponent from democratic competition”.
AFP via Getty ImagesAlthough the amendment to Hungary’s Basic Law could in theory be changed by a future government with the necessary super-majority, the new provision also means that Magyar would only be able to serve as prime minister until 2034.
He took office last month with a promise to get rid of some of the highly controversial state apparatus that Fidesz put in place during its 16 years in power.
For four years running, the organisation Transparency International has labelled Hungary the most corrupt country in the European Union and the EU withheld billions of euros in funds because of concerns over rule of law, corruption and democratic backsliding.
Last month, the European Commission agreed to unlock €16.4bn (£14.2bn) in funding, subject to a series of reforms to combat corruption that have to go through parliament.
As well as placing a limit on a prime minister’s rule, Monday’s amendment scrapped a requirement for an independent agency to protect Hungary’s “constitutional identity”.
That signalled the end of Orbán’s Sovereignty Protection Office, created in 2023 to monitor “undue political interference” by “foreign interests”.
It also targets so-called “Kekva” public trust foundations created under the previous government through the transfer of state assets such as companies and education institutions.
The government intends to return the assets to the state or cut funding to them, in the case of institutions such as vocational college Mathias Corvinus Collegium (MCC). MCC has close ties to Fidesz and its board of trustees is led by the ex-prime minister’s political director, Balázs Orbán.
On Tuesday, Hungary’s parliament turned its attention to further changes to the law required before some of the billions of euros withheld by the European Commission can be unfrozen.
These include boosting the role of Hungary’s anti-corruption watchdog, the Integrity Authority.
Parliament also commemorated the anniversary of the execution of the leaders of Hungary’s 1956 revolution against Soviet rule.
The six leaders, including then-Prime Minister Imre Nagy, were each named by Magyar, and MPs also marked the date of their reburial in 1989.
During the session, Balázs Orbán accused Magyar of pushing through reforms that left thousands of Hungarian students facing an uncertain future, prompting a clash with the prime minister.
Magyar said that, in October, Hungarians would mark the 70th anniversary of the 1956 revolution, having turned over a new page in their history to become part of the “free world”.
